Choosing the right pair of binoculars can feel overwhelming with so many numbers and specs. This guide will walk you through how to choose binoculars that perfectly match your needs, without the confusing jargon.
We’ll break down the key features in simple terms. You’ll learn what to look for whether you’re watching birds, going to a game, or stargazing.
How To Choose Binoculars
The first step is understanding the basic numbers. Every binocular has a two-number specification, like 8×42 or 10×50. This is the most important part of your decision.
Understanding Magnification and Objective Lens
The first number (8x, 10x) is the magnification. It tells you how many times closer an object appears. 8x means it looks eight times closer than with your naked eye.
- Lower Magnification (6x to 10x): Offers a wider field of view, a brighter image, and is easier to hold steady. Ideal for general use, sports, and birding in wooded areas.
- Higher Magnification (12x and above): Brings subjects much closer but has a narrower view, shows more hand shake, and can be dimmer. Best for long-distance viewing over water or open terrain, often needing a tripod.
The second number (42, 50) is the diameter of the objective lens in millimeters. This is the lens farthest from your eye. Larger lenses gather more light, resulting in a brighter image, especially in low-light conditions like dawn or dusk.
Key Features to Compare
Once you know your preferred magnification and lens size, consider these other critical factors.
Prism Type: Roof vs. Porro
Binoculars use prisms to correct the image. There are two main designs.
- Roof Prism: Have straight barrels, are more compact and durable. They tend to be more expensive for high-quality optics.
- Porro Prism: Have offset barrels (the classic zigzag shape). They often provide better depth perception and can offer a brighter image for the same price.
Lens Coatings
Coatings reduce glare and increase light transmission. Better coatings mean a sharper, brighter, and higher-contrast image.
- Coated: A single layer on some lenses.
- Fully Coated: A single layer on all air-to-glass surfaces.
- Multi-Coated: Multiple layers on some lenses.
- Fully Multi-Coated: Multiple layers on all air-to-glass surfaces. This is what you should aim for in a quality pair.
Field of View
This is the width of the area you can see, usually measured in feet at 1000 yards. A wider field of view makes it easier to follow moving subjects like birds or athletes.
Eye Relief and Close Focus
Eye Relief is the distance your eye can be from the eyepiece while still seeing the full image. If you wear glasses, look for long eye relief (15mm or more). Close Focus is the minimum distance at which the binoculars can focus. It’s crucial for viewing butterflies, insects, or close-up details.
Matching Binoculars to Your Activity
Your primary use should guide your choice. Here are some common recommendations.
- Birdwatching & Wildlife: 8×42 is the gold standard. It offers a great balance of magnification, light gathering, and a steady view. A 10×42 works well for open areas.
- Hiking & General Use: Prioritize size and weight. Compact models like 8×25 or 10×28 are excellent, though they sacrifice some image brightness.
- Sports & Events: A wider field of view is key. 7×35 or 8×42 models are popular choices for following fast action from a fixed seat.
- Astronomy & Boating: Choose large objective lenses for maximum light. 7×50 or 10×50 are superb for low-light conditions on water or for viewing stars and planets.
- Theater & Concerts: Ultra-compact or even “opera glasses” with lower magnification (3x to 5x) are perfect for close-quarters use.
Try Before You Buy (If Possible)
Specs on paper don’t tell the whole story. If you can, visit a store to physically compare models.
- Feel the Weight: Are they comfortable to hold? Will you carry them for hours?
- Check the Focus: Turn the focus wheel. Is it smooth and precise?
- Look at the Image: Point them at a detailed object. Is the image sharp to the edges? Is the color natural?
- Check for Eye Strain: Use them for a few minutes. Do your eyes feel comfortable?
Pay attention to the build quality and warranty. Rubber armoring provides a secure grip and protects against minor bumps. Weatherproofing or waterproofing is essential for outdoor enthusiasts.
Setting Your Budget
Binoculars range from under $50 to several thousand. A good rule is to buy the best optics you can reasonably afford within your needs.
- Entry-Level ($50-$150): Good for casual use. May have softer images at the edges and less durable construction.
- Mid-Range ($150-$500): Offers excellent value with fully multi-coated lenses, good build quality, and reliable performance for most hobbies.
- High-End ($500+): Feature superior optics, exceptional build, and advanced coatings for the best possible image clarity and brightness.
Remember, a well-chosen pair of binoculars can last a lifetime with proper care, making them a worthwhile investment.
FAQ Section
What do the numbers on binoculars mean?
The numbers, like 8×42, indicate magnification power and objective lens size. The first number (8x) is how many times closer objects appear. The second number (42) is the diameter of the front lenses in millimeters, which affects image brightness.
What is the best all-around binocular size?
For most people, an 8×42 binocular is the best all-around choice. It provides a good combination of magnification, a bright image, a steady hold, and a wide field of view, suitable for birding, sports, and general nature observation.
Are more expensive binoculars worth it?
For serious use, yes. Higher-priced binoculars typically have better lens coatings, superior glass, and more durable construction. This results in a sharper, brighter, and more reliable image, especially in challenging light. However, there are many great value options in the mid-range price point.
How important is waterproofing?
If you plan to use your binoculars outdoors in variable weather, near water, or in humid environments, waterproofing is very important. It prevents internal fogging and protects the lenses from moisture damage, ensuring they last for years.
Can I use binoculars with glasses?
Yes, but you need to look for models with long eye relief (typically 15mm or more). Most binoculars have twist-down eyecups that you can adjust to create the right distance between your glasses and the eyepiece for a full field of view.
By following these steps, you can confidently narrow down your options. Focus on the combination of magnification, lens size, and features that align with your primary activities. A good pair of binoculars opens up a world of detail you’d otherwise miss, bringing distant subjects right to your eyes.