Getting your rifle and scope to work together perfectly starts with a proper setup. Knowing how to set up a rifle scope is the most important skill for accuracy, whether you’re at the range or in the field. A scope that isn’t mounted and adjusted correctly will lead to frustration and missed shots. This guide will walk you through the entire process, from mounting to final zeroing, with clear, step-by-step instructions.
You’ll need a few basic tools: a set of gunsmithing screwdrivers or hex keys (to fit your scope ring screws), a torque wrench (highly recommended), a leveling kit or a set of levels, and a stable gun vise is very helpful. Always refer to your specific scope and mount manuals for any special instructions.
How to Set Up a Rifle Scope
The full process involves mounting, leveling, boresighting, and finally zeroing your scope. Rushing any step can compromise the entire setup.
Step 1: Mounting the Base and Rings
First, ensure your rifle is unloaded. Attach the scope base to the receiver of your rifle using the provided screws. Apply a small amount of thread-locker to the screws, unless the manufacturer advises against it. Tighten them evenly and in a crisscross pattern, finishing with a torque wrench to the specification in the manual—usually between 15-35 inch-pounds. Over-tightening can damage the receiver.
Next, attach the bottom halves of the scope rings to the base. Leave them slightly loose so they can be adjusted later. Now, place the scope into the bottom ring halves. Before you put the top rings on, you need to level the scope.
Step 2: Leveling the Scope
This critical step ensures your crosshairs are square to the rifle. If they’re canted, your bullet impact will drift horizontally as range increases.
1. Place your rifle securely in a gun vise, making sure it’s level. You can use a level on a flat part of the receiver or in the rail.
2. Rest the scope in the bottom rings. Then, place a leveling tool (like a plumb bob or a level designed for scopes) on the flat part of the turret cap or use leveling pins that fit inside the scope ring.
3. Carefully rotate the scope until the crosshairs are perfectly aligned with your vertical reference and the scope’s turret is level. This takes patience. Double-check everything.
Step 3: Securing the Scope
Once the scope is level, place the top halves of the rings on. Start all the screws by hand to ensure they aren’t cross-threaded. Begin tightening the screws gradually, again in a crisscross pattern. The goal is to secure the scope without putting side-pressure on the tube, which can cause tracking errors.
* Tighten the screws to a firm snug, then use the torque wrench. Typical torque values for scope ring screws are 15-25 inch-pounds. Check your ring manual.
* As you tighten, periodically check that the scope hasn’t rotated out of level. Also, ensure there is a small gap (about the thickness of a dollar bill) between the front bell of the scope and the barrel to prevent contact during recoil.
Step 4: Boresighting
Boresighting gets you on paper quickly, saving time and ammo. You can use a laser boresighter or the old-fashioned method.
For the visual method:
1. Remove the bolt from your rifle (if possible).
2. Secure the rifle in a steady rest, pointing at a target 25-50 yards away.
3. Look directly through the barrel (the bore) and center a target object in the bore.
4. Without moving the rifle, look through the scope. The crosshairs will likely be off target.
5. Adjust the windage and elevation turrets until the crosshairs are centered on the same target object you see in the bore.
Step 5: Zeroing the Scope (The Live-Fire Test)
Now it’s time to shoot. Go to a safe shooting range with a solid benchrest.
1. Start at 25 yards. Fire a careful, three-shot group.
2. The group will likely be low and off to one side. Bring the target back to you.
3. Adjust the turrets to move the crosshairs to the center of your bullet hole group. For example, if your scope adjusts in ¼ MOA clicks, and the group is 4 inches low, you would need to come up 16 clicks (4 / 0.25 = 16).
4. Shoot another three-shot group to confirm. It should be very close to your point of aim.
5. Now, move your target to 100 yards (or your desired zero distance). Fire another group.
6. Make final adjustments to center the group where you want it. A common zero for many rifles is 2 inches high at 100 yards, which gives a good point-blank range for hunting.
Remember, the turret caps usually have arrows indicating the direction for “Up” and “Right.” Turning “Up” moves the point of bullet impact up. Turning “Right” moves impact to the right. Always follow the instructions on your scope cap.
Important Adjustments: Eye Relief and Parallax
* Eye Relief: This is the distance your eye needs to be from the scope to see a full sight picture. After mounting, shoulder the rifle naturally. The scope should be positioned so you see a full field of view without any dark shadowy rings. Adjust the scope forward or backward in the rings to achieve this before final tightening. Proper eye relief is also crucial for safety to avoid scope bite.
* Parallax: Many scopes have an adjustable parallax knob (often on the side or objective bell). Parallax error occurs when the target image isn’t focused on the same optical plane as the crosshair, causing apparent reticle movement if you move your head. Adjust this knob until the target image is sharp and the crosshair does not appear to move on the target when you shift your head slightly.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
* Overtightening screws: This is the number one mistake. It can crush scope tubes, strip threads, and damage components.
* Ignoring level: A canted scope causes horizontal drift that gets worse with distance.
* Incorrect eye relief: Leads to poor shooting posture and can be dangerous under recoil.
* Forgetting to boresight: Wastes a lot of ammunition trying to find the target.
* Rushing the process: Take your time with each step. A careful setup last for years.
Maintaining Your Zero
Once you have a good zero, it’s smart to record it. Write down the number of clicks from the mechanical bottom or a reference point. Check your zero periodically, especially before a hunting season or important match. Store your rifle properly and avoid banging the scope on hard objects. Using quality mounts and rings from the start is the best way to ensure your zero stays put.
FAQ Section
What tools do I need to mount a rifle scope?
At a minimum, you need the correct screwdriver or allen keys for your rings and base. A torque wrench is highly recommended to avoid damage, and a leveling tool of some kind is essential for accuracy. A gun vise makes the job much easier.
How far should a scope be from your eye?
This distance is called eye relief. It varies by scope, but typically 3-4 inches for most riflescopes. You must position the scope so when you shoulder the rifle naturally, you instantly see a full, clear picture without any black rings. The scope’s manual will specify its eye relief range.
What is the best range to zero a hunting rifle?
For most common hunting cartridges, a 100-yard zero is a great starting point. It provides a manageable trajectory for shots at moderate ranges. Some hunters prefer a 200-yard zero for flatter shooting calibers. Always test your rifle’s trajectory at various distances to understand where it actually hits.
Why does my scope keep losing its zero?
If your scope won’t hold zero, check that all mounting screws are properly torqued. Loose rings or a loose base are the most common culprits. Also, ensure the scope itself isn’t defective—sometimes internal components can fail. Poor quality mounts can also flex and cause problems.
Can I mount a scope myself, or should I pay a gunsmith?
With the right tools, careful reading, and patience, most people can successfully mount and zero their own scope. It’s a valuable skill to learn. However, if you lack the tools or confidence, a gunsmith can do it quickly and correctly. The cost is usually reasonable and worth it for peace of mind.
Setting up your rifle scope correctly is a fundamental task that pays off every time you pull the trigger. By following these methodical steps, avoiding common pitfalls, and taking your time, you’ll build a solid foundation for consistent accuracy. Remember to always prioritize safety and double-check your work at each stage. Now you’re ready to head to the range with confidence.