Getting your shots to hit exactly where you aim is a fundamental skill for any shooter. Learning how to sight in rifle scope is the essential first step to achieving that accuracy. This process, often called zeroing, aligns your scope’s crosshairs with the point of impact of your bullet at a specific distance. It might seem technical, but by following a clear method, you can do it confidently and safely.
A properly sighted-in rifle builds confidence and ensures ethical, effective shots, whether you’re at the range or in the field. This guide will walk you through everything you need, from gear to the final fine-tuning, in simple, actionable steps.
How to Sight in Rifle Scope
Before you fire a single shot, proper preparation is key. Rushing this stage leads to frustration and wasted ammunition. Let’s get you set up for success from the very start.
Gather Your Essential Gear
You’ll need a few important items to make the process smooth:
* Your rifle with the scope securely mounted and rings tightened to the correct torque.
* The correct ammunition you plan to use regularly.
* A solid shooting rest, like sandbags or a bipod combined with a rear bag.
* Eye and ear protection.
* A target with a clear, small aiming point.
* A screwdriver or the specific tool for your scope’s adjustment caps.
* A data book or notepad to record your adjustments.
Secure the Scope Mount
A loose scope is the most common cause of inconsistency. Before heading to the range, double-check that all mounting screws are tight. If you just installed the scope yourself, it’s a good idea to have a knowledgeable friend or gunsmith verify your work. A stable base is non-negotiable for accuracy.
Start With a Bore Sighting
Bore sighting gets you on paper quickly, saving time and ammo. You can use a laser bore sighter or do it manually:
1. Remove the bolt from your rifle (if possible) and secure the firearm in a steady rest.
2. Look directly through the barrel (the bore) and center the target in the barrel’s opening.
3. Without moving the rifle, look through your scope. The crosshairs will likely be off target.
4. Adjust the windage and elevation knobs on your scope until the crosshairs are centered on the same point you see through the barrel.
This rough alignment means your first real shot should at least hit the target paper.
Choosing Your Zero Distance
Your “zero” is the distance at which your point of aim matches your point of impact. A 100-yard zero is a popular and practical starting point for most centerfire rifles. It provides a relatively flat trajectory for many common hunting cartridges. For .22LR rifles, a 50-yard zero is often more appropriate. Consider your typical shooting environment when choosing.
Setting Up at the Range
Safety is always the top priority. Ensure you follow all range rules. Set your target at your chosen zero distance (e.g., 100 yards). Position your rifle firmly in the front and rear rests. You should be relaxed and not muscling the rifle. The rifle should settle naturally on the target.
The Step-by-Step Firing Process
Now for the core process of how to sight in your rifle scope.
Step 1: The Initial Three-Shot Group
Aim carefully at the exact center of your target. Fire one shot. This is your reference. Now, fire two more shots with the same careful aim, taking your time between each. Do not adjust the scope yet. The goal is to see a tight cluster of three holes, which shows consistency.
Step 2: Measure and Adjust
Go downrange (when the range is cold and safe) or use a spotting scope to examine your group. Find the center of the three bullet holes. Measure how far this center is from your point of aim, both in inches and direction (e.g., 4 inches low and 2 inches left).
Scopes adjust in Minutes of Angle (MOA). Usually, 1 MOA equals about 1 inch at 100 yards. If your group is 4 inches low, you need to come up 4 MOA. If it’s 2 inches left, you need to move right 2 MOA. Remove the caps from your adjustment knobs. The ‘UP’ arrow on the elevation knob means you turn it in that direction to raise the point of impact. Turn the knobs the correct number of clicks (most scopes click in ¼ or ½ MOA increments).
Step 3: Confirm and Fine-Tune
Return to the firing line. Aim dead center again and fire another three-shot group. This group should be much closer to, or directly on, the bullseye. If it’s perfectly centered, you’re zeroed! If it’s still slightly off, measure the new group’s center and make smaller, final adjustments. A 1-inch adjustment at this stage is now a fine-tuning move.
Step 4: Final Verification
Fire one last three-shot group to confirm your zero is perfect. This is your proof. Record the details in your notepad: date, rifle, ammunition, distance, and weather conditions. This record is invaluable for future reference.
Understanding Scope Adjustments
It’s easy to get confused about which way to turn the knobs. Remember this simple phrase: “Follow the hole.” If your bullet holes are low, you need to bring the point of impact up. So you turn the elevation knob toward ‘UP’. If your holes are to the left, you need to move the impact to the right, so turn the windage knob toward ‘R’. Always double-check the markings on your specific scope.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
* A Flimsy Rest: Don’t try to hold the rifle freehand. Use solid support.
* Chasing a Single Shot: Never adjust based on one bullet hole. Always use a group.
* Inconsistent Shoulder Pressure: Mount the rifle the same way for every shot.
* Rushing: Take your time between shots to let the barrel cool.
* Forgetting Parallax: If your scope has a side focus or adjustable objective, set it for the correct distance to avoid parallax error.
Maintaining Your Zero
Once sighted in, check your zero periodically, especially before an important hunting trip or competition. Bumps during transport or changes in temperature can sometimes cause slight shifts. It’s a good habit to verify with a quick three-shot group to ensure everything is still on track. Store your rifle and scope in a good case to protect it.
FAQ: Sighting In Your Rifle Scope
How many shots does it take to sight in a rifle scope?
With good bore sighting, you can often get a solid zero in 9-12 shots (three or four separate three-shot groups). Having extra ammo is always wise for fine-tuning.
What if my shots are not grouping tightly?
If your shots are scattered and not forming a cluster, the problem likely isn’t the zero. Stop and check for: a loose scope mount, inconsistent shooting technique, a dirty barrel, or an issue with the ammunition. You need a consistent group before you can adjust it.
Can I sight in my rifle at 25 yards instead of 100?
Yes, this is a useful method for beginners or ranges with space limits. By sighting in about 1 inch high at 25 yards, many common rifle calibers will be very close to zero at 100 yards. You should still confirm at the longer distance when possible, as trajectory varies.
Why does my point of impact change with different ammo?
Every brand and bullet weight shoots differently. The zero you set for a 150-grain soft point will not be the same for a 180-grain bonded bullet. Always sight in with the exact ammunition you plan to use for hunting or target shooting.
How often should I re-check my rifle’s zero?
It’s smart to check it at the start of each shooting season or after any significant impact, like dropping the rifle or flying with it. A quick check at the range gives you peace of mind and ensures your first shot will be right where you expect it.