Choosing the right pair of binoculars can feel overwhelming with all the options available. If you’re wondering ‘how do i choose binoculars’, the key is to focus on a few simple numbers and features that match what you plan to use them for. This guide will walk you through the process in plain language, so you can make a confident choice without the confusion.
How Do I Choose Binoculars
This core question is answered by understanding specifications. The numbers on the binoculars tell you almost everything you need to know. Once you learn to read them, the choice becomes much clearer.
Step 1: Decode the Numbers (Magnification & Objective Lens)
Every binocular has a two-number code like 8×42 or 10×50. The first number is the magnification. An 8x means objects appear eight times closer than they do with your naked eye. The second number is the diameter of the objective lens (the front lens) in millimeters.
- Magnification (e.g., 8x): Higher isn’t always better. More power (like 12x) makes the image bigger but also shakier, as hand movements are amplified. For general use, 8x or 10x is often the sweet spot.
- Objective Lens (e.g., 42mm): A larger lens gathers more light, giving you a brighter image. This is crucial for dawn, dusk, or indoor use. But larger lenses also mean a heavier, bulkier binocular.
Step 2: Match the Binoculars to Your Activity
Your primary use is the biggest factor in your decision. Here’s a quick breakdown for common activities:
- Birdwatching & Wildlife: You need a good balance of detail and field of view. An 8×42 is the classic, versatile choice. It offers steady viewing, good light gathering, and a wide view to track moving animals.
- Hiking & Travel: Weight and size are critical. Look for compact models, often noted as 8×25 or 10×28. They are light to carry but sacrifice some image brightness and comfort for extended viewing.
- Sporting Events & Concerts: You’re often in decent light and need a wide view. Compact or mid-size binoculars (8×32 or 8×42) work great. Avoid very high magnification.
- Astronomy & Stargazing: To see faint celestial objects, you need maximum light. Choose binoculars with large objective lenses, like 10×50 or even 15×70. A tripod adapter is highly recommended for these to avoid shake.
- Marine Use: These need to be waterproof and fog-proof (nitrogen purged). Look for models labeled “marine” with a robust build. A 7×50 is a traditional marine size, offering a bright image on a moving boat.
Understanding Field of View
Field of view (FOV) is how wide an area you can see through the binoculars, usually measured in feet at 1000 yards. A wider FOV makes it easier to locate and follow birds or athletes. Generally, lower magnification and certain optical designs give a wider view.
Step 3: Check Key Optical & Build Features
Beyond the numbers, these features impact performance and comfort.
- Prism Type (Roof vs. Porro): Roof prism binoculars have straight barrels and are more compact and durable. Porro prism binoculars have offset barrels and often provide better depth perception at a lower cost for the same optical quality.
- Lens Coatings: Coatings reduce glare and increase light transmission. Look for terms like “fully multi-coated” for the best brightness and color fidelity.
- Eye Relief: This is the distance your eye can be from the eyepiece and still see the full image. If you wear glasses, you need long eye relief (15mm or more). Look for twist-up eyecups that you can adjust down.
- Close Focus: The minimum distance at which the binoculars can focus. Important for butterfly watching or looking at details on flowers.
- Water & Fog Proofing: If you’ll be outdoors in variable weather, choose binoculars that are O-ring sealed and nitrogen purged. This prevents internal fogging and protects the optics from moisture and dust.
Step 4: Test Before You Buy (Or Know the Return Policy)
If possible, try different models. Here’s what to check:
- Feel the Weight: Hold them to your eyes for a minute. Are they comfortable or do they feel heavy?
- Check the Focus: Find a knob and focus on a nearby object, then a distant one. Is the action smooth and precise?
- Look for Eye Strain: View for several minutes. Do you get a headache or feel discomfort? A misalignment can cause this.
- Test in Low Light: If you can, compare how bright the image is in a shaded area between two different models.
Setting Your Budget
Binoculars range from under $50 to several thousand. A good rule is to invest the most you comfortably can for your primary activity. In the $100-$300 range, you can find excellent quality for most hobbies. Avoid the absolute cheapest; their poor optics will frustrate you. Remember, you’re buying a tool for clear viewing, not just magnification.
Final Checklist Before Purchasing
- Are the magnification and objective lens size right for my main activity?
- Do they have a wide enough field of view for tracking moving subjects?
- Is the eye relief sufficient if I wear glasses?
- Are they waterproof and fog-proof for my outdoor needs?
- Do they feel comfortable and balanced in my hands?
- Is the image sharp and bright to my eyes, with minimal color fringing?
By following these steps, you can cut through the noise and find a pair of binoculars that will serve you well for years. The best binoculars for you are the ones that feel good and make your chosen activity more enjoyable.
FAQ: Common Binocular Questions
What do the numbers 10×42 mean on binoculars?
The “10x” means 10x magnification. The “42” is the diameter of the front objective lenses in millimeters, which affects light gathering and size.
Are more expensive binoculars always better?
Not always, but higher price typically brings better glass, coatings, and construction, leading to a sharper, brighter, and more durable product. Diminishing returns set in after a certain point for casual users.
Can I use binoculars with glasses?
Yes, but you must choose binoculars with long eye relief (15mm+). You’ll also need to twist down the rubber eyecups so the binoculars can get close enough to your glasses.
What’s the best all-around binocular size?
An 8×42 binocular is widely considered the best general-purpose size. It offers a great balance of magnification stability, light gathering, and field of view for activities like birdwatching, hiking, and sports.
Why is everything dark when I look through my binoculars?
This usually means the exit pupil (objective lens size ÷ magnification) is too small for low-light conditions. For twilight use, choose a model with a larger second number (like 8×42 instead of 8×25).
How do I clean binocular lenses safely?
First, use a blower brush to remove dust. Then, use lens cleaning fluid and a microfiber cloth designed for optics. Never use household cleaners or wipe a dusty lens without blowing it off first, as you might scratch the coatings.