Choosing the right pair of binoculars can feel overwhelming. If you’re wondering how to select binoculars, the key is to focus on a few simple numbers and features that match your planned activities. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know in plain language, so you can make a confident choice without getting lost in technical jargon.
Start by thinking about what you’ll use them for most. Birdwatching, hiking, astronomy, sports events, or boating all have slightly different ideal specs. Knowing your primary use is the first and most important step to narrowing down the options.
How to Select Binoculars
The main specifications for any binocular are expressed in a two-number combination, like 8×42 or 10×50. This is the first thing you’ll see on any model, and understanding it is crucial.
The first number (8x or 10x) is the magnification. It tells you how many times closer the object will appear. 8x means the view is eight times closer than with your naked eye. While higher power sounds better, it also makes the image shakier and the field of view narrower. For most general use, 8x or 10x magnification is a great balance.
The second number (42 or 50) is the objective lens diameter in millimeters. This is the size of the lenses at the front of the binoculars. Larger lenses gather more light, resulting in a brighter image, especially in low-light conditions like dawn or dusk. However, larger lenses also mean a heavier and bulkier binocular.
Key Features to Compare
Once you understand the basic numbers, a few other features will impact performance and comfort.
Prism Type: Binoculars use either Porro or Roof prisms to correct the image. Roof prism models have straight barrels and are more compact and durable, but often more expensive for similar optical quality. Porro prism models have offset barrels and can offer excellent value and depth perception.
Lens Coatings: Quality coatings on the lenses are essential for a bright, clear image. Look for terms like “fully multi-coated.” This means all air-to-glass surfaces have multiple anti-reflective layers, maximizing light transmission. Avoid binoculars that just say “coated,” as this is often the minimum.
Field of View: This is the width of the area you can see, usually measured in feet at 1000 yards. A wider field of view makes it easier to follow moving subjects like birds or athletes. Generally, lower magnification offers a wider field of view.
Eye Relief: This is critical if you wear glasses. Eye relief is the distance your eye can be from the eyepiece and still see the full image. Look for a minimum of 15mm of eye relief for comfortable use with glasses. Most models have twist-up eyecups that you can adjust for use with or without glasses.
A Step-by-Step Selection Process
Follow this simple process when your ready to make a decision.
1. Determine Your Primary Use. Write down your top two activities. Is it backyard birding or backpacking? Your priority will be different for each.
2. Choose Your Magnification. For a steady, wide view (birding, sports, general use), 8x is often ideal. For more detail at longer distances (astronomy, open landscapes), consider 10x. Magnifications above 10x usually require a tripod for a steady image.
3. Pick the Lens Size. Match this to your light needs and portability. 42mm is a superb all-around size. 32mm or smaller is great for lightweight hiking. 50mm and above is best for low-light and astronomy but is heavy.
4. Set Your Budget. Good binoculars start around $100. The $200-$500 range offers excellent performance for most people. Prices rise from there with premium materials and optics.
5. Test Them If Possible. Visit a store to feel the weight, adjust the focus, and check the eye comfort. Look for a sharp, clear image to the edge of the view.
Matching Binoculars to Your Activity
Here are some quick recommendations based on common hobbies:
* Birdwatching & Wildlife: 8×42 is the classic, versatile choice. It offers a bright image and a wide field of view for tracking movement.
* Hiking & Backpacking: Prioritize weight and size. Look at compact models like 8×32 or 10×32. Roof prisms are common here for their slim profile.
* Astronomy: Light gathering is key. Choose 10×50 or higher. A tripod adapter is a valuable feature for prolonged viewing.
* Sports & Concerts: A wide field of view is helpful. 8×42 or even 7×35 models work well, allowing you to see a large section of the field or stage.
* Boating & Marine: Durability and image stability are paramount. Look for waterproof, rubber-armored models with image stabilization if your budget allows. 7×50 is a traditional marine size for its bright view and steady hold.
Final Checks Before You Buy
Don’t forget these practical details. They make a big difference in long-term satisfaction.
* Waterproof & Fogproof: Nitrogen or argon purging seals the optics and prevents internal fogging. This is highly recommended for any outdoor use.
* Close Focus Distance: If you enjoy looking at butterflies or insects, check the minimum close focus distance (how close an object can be and still be in focus).
* Warranty & Brand Reputation: Stick with reputable optical brands that offer a solid warranty. Good customer service is worth it.
FAQ: Common Questions About Choosing Binoculars
What do the numbers on binoculars mean?
The numbers (e.g., 8×42) indicate magnification power and objective lens size. The first is how many times closer objects appear, the second is the diameter of the front lenses in mm, which affects brightness.
What is the best all-purpose binocular size?
The 8×42 configuration is widely considered the best all-around size for most hobbies. It balances magnification, image brightness, field of view, and portability very effectively.
Are more expensive binoculars always better?
Not always, but after a certain point, you pay for better optical coatings, premium glass, rugged construction, and finer mechanical adjustments. Diminishing returns set in, so choose a price point that fits your commitment level.
Can I use binoculars with glasses?
Yes, absolutely. Look for long eye relief (15mm or more) and adjustable eyecups. You’ll typically twist the eyecups down to get your eyes closer to the lenses.
What’s the difference between zoom and fixed-power binoculars?
Fixed-power binoculars (like 8×42) are generally recommended for better optical quality, durability, and a brighter image. Zoom binoculars often compromise on these factors and can be more fragile.
How important is waterproofing?
If you plan to use your binoculars outdoors in any weather, it’s very important. It protects the internal optics from moisture and mold, ensuring they last for years.
Selecting the right binoculars is about matching the tool to the task. By understanding the basic numbers, considering where you’ll use them, and handling a few models, you’ll find a pair that brings the world closer for many adventures to come.